Analysis of Factors Determining Landslide Disaster Evacuation Routes in Cipongkor District, West Bandung Regency, West Java

Abstract

West Bandung is a region in Indonesia that is prone to landslides, floods, and other hydrometeorological disasters.  The  local  government  has  taken  measures  to reduce  the  impacts  of  natural  disasters  by  issuing  early warnings  and  establishing  disaster  response  teams.  The National  Disaster  Management  Agency  (BNPB)  has strengthened  community-based  early  warning  systems to  enhance  the  capacity  of  communities  to  respond  to natural disasters. This study aims to identify alternatives for  disaster  mitigation  in  the  form  of  evacuation  routes that are safe and easily accessible for the community. The methods used in this research include identifying potential locations, mapping potential evacuation routes, classifying routes based on safety and ease of access, evaluating the mapped routes using spatial analysis, and determining the final evacuation routes. Based on the results of the study, which  considered  hazard-prone  areas,  morphological conditions, and access from residential areas, two locations were designated as gathering points and several evacuation routes were identified for use. The nearest disaster-prone areas around the settlements are located approximately 5 km away and consist of two landslide-prone zones situated to the southeast and northwest. Two gathering points were designated  from  the  mapping,  with  a  total  area  of  500 m². The distance from the residential area to the farthest gathering point can be reached in about 10 minutes (740 m), while the nearest can be reached in about 4 minutes (290  m).  The  main  factors  in  determining  geological disaster evacuation routes in Cipongkor include the spatial distribution of settlements, the distance between hazard- prone areas and settlements, the morphological conditions of the disaster area, and the geological characteristics of the bedrock in hazard-prone zones. The morphology of the hazard-prone area is moderately undulating (45%) in the northwest and steeply undulating (55%) in the southeast, while the community is relatively widely dispersed, with about 38% of residents living in the northeast and 62% in the southwest.