LABORATORY ANALYSIS FOR CHARACTERIZATION OF ORE MINERALS BASED ON SEM, XRD, AND AAS METHODS SAMPLE PT. X, SUMBAWA ISLAND
ANALISIS LABORATORIUM UNTUK KARAKTERISASI MINERAL BIJIH MENGGUNAKAN METODE SEM, XRD, DAN AAS SAMPEL PT. X, DI PULAU SUMBAWA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.47599/bsdg.v21i1.514Keywords:
Alteration, Locking Mineral, Liberation Degree, SEMAbstract
At the exploration stage, laboratory analysis is needed to ensure the suitability of field exploration results. Laboratory analysis to identify physical and chemical characteristics of minerals that can’t be carried out in the field. This is because for identification requires instruments that only exist in the laboratory. This study aims to determine the type of alteration and mineralization, copper-bearing minerals, liberation degree of copper-bearing minerals, and determine the efficient measure of liberation degree for the highest concentrate of PT samples. X which amounts to two samples. The methods used are SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis using AMICS software and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis using Topas software. In addition, for data validation of SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) analysis using AMICS software and XRD (X-Ray Diffraction) analysis using Topas software. In addition, for data validation of SEM analysis results using AAS. Copper-bearing minerals was chalcopyrite and covellite. Ore impurity minerals in the form of quartz, pyrite, alunite, kaolinite, pyrophilite, hematite, orthoclase, albit, chlorite, muscovite, rutile, diaspor, goethite, and chromite. The samples came from the alteration and mineralization zone of the philic type. The highest copper content was at -38 μm, which was 1.71% Cu in sample number ID.12 and 3.06% Cu in sample number ID.13. The minerals chalcopyrite and covyelite, under locking conditions, are dominant with quartz, alunite, and pyrite. The highest degree of liberation of chalcopyrite minerals (well liberated) was found in samples measuring -38 μm and -106 +53 μm, and the highest degree of liberation of colossal minerals (well liberated) in samples measuring -53 + 38 μm and -106 +53 μm.
Keywords: Alteration, Copper Mineral, Locking Mineral, Liberation Degree, SEM.
References
A Sudrajat, dkk. (1998). Peta Geologi Regional Lembar Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara.
Al-Khirbash, S. A. (2020). Mineralogical characterization of low-grade nickel laterites from the North Oman Mountains: Using mineral liberation analyses – scanning electron microscopy-based automated quantitative mineralogy. Ore Geology Reviews.
Athanas, & dkk. (2020). Advances in Mineral Exploration Techniques. Amsterdam: Elsevier.
Bruker. (2023). AMICS Automated Mineralogy System for SEM. Retrieved from https://www.bruker.com/en/products-and-solutions/elemental-analyzers/eds-wds-ebsd-SEM-Micro-XRF/software-amics-automated-mineralogy-system.html
Bruker. (2023). Diffrac.Topas. Retrieved from https://www.bruker.com/en/products-and-solutions/diffractometers-and-x-ray-microscopes/x-ray-diffractometers/diffrac-suite-software/diffrac-topas.html
Budiman, J. (2012, September). Geologi Regional Bandung. Retrieved from https://jsbudiman.wordpress.com/2012/09/02/geologi-regional-bandung/
Corbett, G., & Leach, T. (1998). Southwest Pacific Rim Gold-Copper Systems: Structure, Alteration, and Mineralization. USA: Society of Economy Geologist.
Fadlin, Nhatinombe, H.V, Hamzah, W.N., Farisan, A., Asfaro R.M., dan Aditama, M.R., 2024. Excess Alumina of Plagioclase Related to Copper-Gold Enrichment: Study Case at the Humpa Leu East (HLE) Porphyry CU-AU Prospect in HU’U District, Sumbawa Island, Indonesia. Iraqi Geological Journal
Febriansyah, A., Ariwibowo, Y., & Widiarso, D. A. (2014). GEOLOGI, ALTERASI HIDROTERMAL, DAN MINERALISASI DAERAH ONTO DAN SEKITARNYA, KECAMATAN HU’U, KABUPATEN DOMPU, PROVINSI NUSA TENGGARA BARAT. Geological Engineering E-Journal.
Hedenquist, J., Arribas, A., & Gonzalez-Urien, E. (2000). Exploration for Epithermal Gold Deposits. SEG Review.
Kamil, F., & Jati, S. N. (2020). TEKTONIK DAN SISTEM HIDROTERMAL PADA EKSPLORASI ENDAPAN AU-CU ONTO PT SUMBAWA TIMUR MINING KECAMATAN HU’U, KABUPATEN DOMPU, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT. Scientific Article.
Leon, L. G., Hogmalm, K., & Bengtsson, M. (2019). Understanding Mineral Liberation during Crushing Using Grade-by-Size Analysis—A Case Study of the Penuota Sn-Ta Mineralization, Spain. Minerals.
Madi. (2021). Layanan Pengujian dan Analisis XRD. Retrieved from https://lppt.ugm.ac.id/id/2021/05/20/layanan-pengujian-dan-analisis-xrd/
Ratman, N., & Yasin, A. (1978). Peta Geologi Lembar Komodo, Nusa Tenggara.
Rudnick, R., & Gao, S. (2003). Composition of the continental crust. Rudnick RL.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Authors whose manuscripts are published in Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi agree to the following terms:
- Publication rights to all published materials are held by Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi with the knowledge of the authors, while the moral rights remain with the authors.
- All articles are published under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0).
- Under this license, anyone may copy, redistribute, and adapt the work for non-commercial purposes, provided that appropriate credit is given to the authors and the journal, a link to the license is provided, any changes are indicated, and adapted works are distributed under the same license.
- Commercial use of the published material requires written permission from the publisher.
- Authors may deposit the published version of their article in institutional repositories, personal websites, or academic networks, provided that the original publication in Buletin Sumber Daya Geologi is acknowledged with its DOI.
